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Labor
Service Division |
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| Industrial Police History | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Industrial Police
DUI |
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| (Source: The Employment of Local Nations by US Army Europe, 1945-1966, Bruce Siemon & Roland E. Wagberg, HQ USAREUR 1968; 15th LSC patch submitted by Jon Kjoller) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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INDUSTRIAL POLICE |
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Whereas until 1950 the labor service had been composed exclusively of displaced persons, the conversion of industrial police to labor service introduced a large block of German nationals into the organization. Of course, with the completion of the resettlement and repatriation program, all displaced persons either had been assimilated into the local economy or had left the Federal Republic. Thus, any former DP personnel who joined labor service after the restoration of guard companies in 1950 were at least nominally Germans. |
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In 1949, the 15th Labor Supervision Company, Darmstadt Sub-Post, was part of the 112th Labor Supervision Center. (Source: Frankfurt Telephone Directory, 15 Sep 1949.) |
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| Labor Service/Civilian Support History | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 German Labor Service units |
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| (Source: Das USAREUR Echo, Oct 1988; German-language newspaper of the Civilian Support Agency) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| It all started 40 years ago . . . In August of 1948, German labor offices in the State of Hesse (part of the US Zone of Occupation) hired about 500 German men to provide support to US forces in the ongoing Berlin Airlift. These men were assembled at Ludendorff Kaserne (later to become known as Downs Barracks) in Fulda and divided into two groups to form (on Aug 15, 1948) the first German Labor Service companies - the 7441st LS and 2905th LS Companies. The units were transferred to Frankfurt and billeted in a former German garments factory. They wore US uniforms, dyed black, and received lodging and meals as well as toiletry articles - a luxury in war-ravaged Germany. The personnel numbers of these "Männer der ersten Stunde" were in the 75000 and 76000 range. By October 1988, when this article was written, there were only five members still active throughout the Civilian Support Agency who still carried personnel numbers in that range. (Up until this point, members of the Labor Service units that had been serving in the US Zone had been manned by former Displaced Persons of nationalities other than German - primarily from the Baltic states and Poland.) By September 1948, both units were located at Lager Eschborn, outside of Frankfurt. In October, the personnel strength of each of the two units exceeded 300 men. In the next following months, six additional units were formed: |
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| (Webmaster Note: According to information found on Siegbert Mann's website, these companies were all designated "Labor Service (Quartermaster Labor).") | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| With the end of the Airlift, the original eight German labor service units were disbanded (Sept 1949). However, at the same time new Labor Service technical units were formed such as the 8361st LS Company (Engineer Construction) in Mannheim. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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6950th CSC (Training,
Recruiting & Log Cen) Patch
(courtesy Siegbert Mann) |
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| According to Siegbert Mann, webmaster of the Homepage for the Labor Service and Civilian Support Organisation, this patch was also used by the 3331st CSG (UCSA = USAREUR Civilian Support Agency) and other CS Liaison Detachments. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| (Source: USAREUR CSA Command Briefing, January 1982) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| THE USAREUR
CIVILIAN SUPPORT ORGANIZATON BRIEFING MANUSCRIPT (HQ USAREUR), 29 Jan 82 INTRODUCTION - THE USAREUR ClVILIAN SUPPORT ORGANIZATION IS UNIQUE IN THE HISTORY OF U.S. FORCES OPERATIONS. DURING MORE THAN THIRTY FIVE YEARS OF DEDICATED SERVICE, IT HAS EVOLVED FROM A BASIC GUARD AND LABOR WORKFORCE INTO A HIGHLY EFFECTIVE AND INCREASINGLY SPECIALIZED TECHNICAL ORGANIZATION PROVIDING MANY DIFFERENT TYPES OF SUPPORT TO U.S. FORCES. UNTIL ITS REDESIGNATION IN JANUARY 1982, THIS ORGANIZATION WAS KNOWN AS THE LABOR SERVICE. TODAY, THERE ARE OVER 10,000 CIVILIAN SUPPORT PERSONNEL ORGANIZED IN 82 UNITS LOCATED THROUGHOUT THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY AND IN BERLIN. THIS BRIEFING WILL FAMILIARIZE YOU WITH THE CIVILIAN SUPPORT ORGANIZATION OF TODAY: |
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 -
ITS PURPOSE - ITS
LEGAL BASIS - HOW
IT COMPARES WITH THE REST OF THE LOCAL NATIONAL WORKFORCE - ITS
ORGANIZATION - THE
KIND OF WORK IT DOES IN FULFILLING ITS MISSIONS - A
PROFILE OF ITS PERSONNEL - AND,
FINALLY, SOME COMMON MISCONCEPTIONS THAT EXIST ABOUT IT.
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| PURPOSE
- THE USAREUR CIVILIAN SUPPORT ORGANIZATION IS A MOBILE, NON-U.S., CIVILIAN ORGANIZATION CAPABLE OF SELF-SUFFICIENT MISSION PERFORMANCE IN SUPPORT OF U.S. FORCES COMMANDS IN THEIR FULFILLMENT OF NORMAL PEACETIME TASKS. THESE CHARACTERISTICS - MOBILITY, CIVILIAN STATUS AND MISSION PERFORMANCE CAPABILITY - MAKE CIVILIAN SUPPORT UNIQUE. MORE ABOUT THIS LATER. CIVILIAN SUPPORT IS ORGANIZED IN UNITS. EACH UNIT IS DESIGNATED USING A 4 DIGIT NUMBER. IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC, THOSE UNITS HAVING SUBORDINATE UNITS ARE FURTHER DESIGNATED AS CENTERS. THEY ARE GENERALLY ANALOGOUS TO BATTALION HEADQUARTERS IN MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS. WORKING LINE UNITS ARE DESIGNATED AS GROUPS: SOME GROUPS ARE SUBORDINATE TO A CENTER WHILE OTHERS ARE SEPARATE AND DIRECTLY SUBORDINATE TO A U.S. UNIT. FINALLY, THERE ARE A NUMBER OF CIVILIAN SUPPORT LIAISON DETACHMENTS. IN BERLIN, UNITS RETAIN THEIR BATTALION AND COMPANY DESIGNATIONS. |
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| LEGAL BASIS
- THE LEGAL BASIS FOR CIVILIAN SUPPORT IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC IS CONTAINED IN THE NATO STATUS OF FORCES AGREEMENT (THE SOFA), THE SUPPLEMENTARY AGREEMENT TO THE. SOFA AND THE PROTOCOL OF SIGNATURE THERETO AS WELL AS IN THE BRENTANO-TRIMBLE AGREEMENT, WHICH IS A 1957 AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GERMAN MINISTRY FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND THE U.S. EMBASSY, BONN. THESE DOCUMENTS ESTABLISH THAT THE MEMBERS OF CIVILIAN SUPPORT GROUPS EMPLOYED BY U.S. FORCES WILL NOT BE CONSIDERED TO BE MEMBERS OF THAT FORCE OR OF ITS CIVILIAN COMPONENT, BUT WILL BE TREATED SIMILARLY TO OTHER GERMAN CIVILIAN LABOR. THE ORGANIZATION OF GERMAN EMPLOYEES IS ALLOWED FOR NON-COMBATANT SERVICES ONLY, INCLUDING CIVILIAN GUARD DUTY. THE WORK FORCE IS PERMITTED TO WEAR UNIFORM WORK CLOTHING AS LONG AS THE CLOTHING DOES NOT RESEMBLE ANY MILITARY UNIFORM SEEN IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC. PERSONNEL ARE PROHIBITED FROM RECEIVING MILITARY TRAINING, HOLDING MILITARY RANK AND WEARING MILITARY INSIGNIA. FINALLY, WHILE THE DOCUMENTS MENTIONED PERMIT THE U.S. FORCES TO ORGANIZE NON-GERMAN LABOR, BECAUSE THERE ARE NO LONGER ANY PURE NON-GERMAN UNITS, THE RESTRICTIONS ORIGINALLY APPLICABLE TO UNITS COMPRISED OF GERMAN NATIONALS ONLY APPLY NOW TO THE ENTIRE ORGANIZATION. UNITS IN BERLIN HAVE A SOMEWHAT DIFFERENT STATUS AND ARE GOVERNED BY ALLIED KOMMANDATURA LETTERS. |
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| COMPARISON
OF CIVILIAN SUPPORT AND OTHER LOCAL NATIONALS -
THE CIVILIAN SUPPORT ORGANIZATION ACCOUNTS FOR ABOUT 13% OF THE TOTAL USAREUR CIVILIAN WORK FORCE AND ABOUT 24% OF THE LOCAL NATIONAL COMPONENT OF THE WORK FORCE. CIVILIAN SUPPORT EMPLOYEES, LIKE OTHER LOCAL NATIONALS, ARE COVERED BY THE COLLECTIVE TARIFF AGREEMENT (CTA II) NEGOTIATED BETWEEN THE FEDERAL MINISTRY OF FINANCE, AS THE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE SENDING STATES FORCES, AND COMPETENT GERMAN TRADE UNIONS. BECAUSE OF THE UNIQUENESS OF THE ORGANIZATION, A SPECIFIC SEPARATE APPENDIX TO CTA II. (APPENDIX Z), GOVERNS THE PECULIARITIES OF CIVILIAN SUPPORT EMPLOYMENT. CIVILIAN SUPPORT EMPLOYEES ARE ALSO COVERED BY THE GERMAN PERSONNEL REPRESENTATION LAW GIVING THEM THE RIGHT TO ELECT WORKS COUNCILS. THERE ARE, HOWEVER, A NUMBER OF SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE RULES GOVERNING CIVILIAN SUPPORT AND OTHER LOCAL NATIONAL EMPLOYEES IN THE AREAS OF ORGANIZATION, MOBILITY, SUBSISTENCE, PERSONNEL, ACCOMMODATIONS, CLOTHING, ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT. - CIVILIAN SUPPORT
IS ORGANIZED IN NUMBERED UNITS WITH STRUCTURES SIMILAR TO MILITARY
UNITS. CONSEQUENTLY, CIVILIAN SUPPORT HAS INHERENT SUPERVISORY CAPABILITY,
OR WHAT WE WOULD CALL A CHAIN OF COMMAND IN MILITARY UNITS. CIVILIAN
SUPPORT UNITS ARE ALSO INTEGRATED INTO THE U.S. COMMAND STRUCTURE.
THE U.S. COMMANDS, TO WHICH CIVILIAN SUPPORT UNITS ARE ASSIGNED, ARE
KNOWN AS PARENT UNITS, AND GIVE MISSION TYPE ORDERS TO THEIR CIVILIAN
SUPPORT UNITS IN THE SAME WAY THEY DO TO THEIR U.S. UNITS. THE U.S.
COMMANDS ARE THEREFORE RELIEVED OF THE NEED TO PROVIDE DETAILED SUPERVISION
AND SERVICES. THE CIVILIAN SUPPORT UNIT SUPERVISORS AND SUPERINTENDENTS
ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MOST EFFICIENT AND EFFECTIVE OPERATION OF
THEIR UNITS INCLUDING MISSION ACCOMPLISHMENT, MORALE, WELFARE, RECRUITMENT,
SUBSISTENCE, PROMOTION AND SO FORTH. - MOBILITY IS ANOTHER
MAJOR OPERATIONAL ADVANTAGE OF CIVILIAN SUPPORT. THE TARIFF AGREEMENT
AND THE CIVILIAN SUPPORT INDIVIDUAL EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT PERMIT EMPLOYEES
TO BE RELOCATED TEMPORARILY OR PERMANENTLY, INDIVIDUALLY OR IN GROUPS
THROUGHOUT THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC, MAKING CIVILIAN SUPPORT RESPONSIVE
TO CHANGING REQUIREMENTS. UNITS ALSO ROUTINELY PARTICIPATE IN SUPPORT
OF U.S. FORCES IN FIELD EXERCISES. - BASED ON THIS
MOBILITY, CIVILIAN SUPPORT EMPLOYEES ARE AUTHORIZED SUBSISTENCE AND,
WHERE IT IS REQUIRED AND POSSIBLE, ALSO ACCOMMODATIONS EQUIVALENT
TO THE SUBSISTENCE AND ACCOMMODATIONS PROVIDED BY THE ARMY TO U.S.
MILITARY PERSONNEL. CIVILIAN SUPPORT UNITS OPERATE 19 SINGLE UNIT
OR CONSOLIDATED DINING FACILITIES, SOME OF WHICH FEED U.S. PERSONNEL
AS WELL. MOST LIVING ACCOMMODATIONS CONSIST OF ROOMS IN BARRACKS,
MADE AVAILABLE TO THOSE EMPLOYEES DESIRING TO RESIDE IN GOVERNMENT
QUARTERS. SOCIAL FACILITIES SUCH AS DAYROOMS, CANTEENS AND CLUBS ARE
AVAILABLE AS WELL IN SOME LOCATIONS. - BASED ON JOB
REQUIREMENTS, CIVILIAN SUPPORT EMPLOYEES ARE ISSUED VARIOUS TYPES
OF UNIFORM WORK CLOTHING .FOR WEAR DURING THE WORK DAY. SPECIALIZED
CLOTHING IS ALSO ISSUED. FOR EXAMPLE, MECHANICS ARE ISSUED COVERALLS,
CONSTRUCTION PERSONNEL HAVE SAFETY HELMETS AND PERSONNEL WITH OUTDOOR
JOBS RECEIVE WET WEATHER CLOTHING. ROOMS ARE PROVIDED IN THE UNITS
TO PERMIT CHANGING INTO AND OUT OF STREET CLOTHING. - WHEREAS OTHER
LOCAL NATIONALS ARE ADMINISTERED BY CIVILIAN PERSONNEL OFFICES, THE
CIVILIAN SUPPORT ORGANIZATION IS STRUCTURED TO PERFORM ITS OWN PERSONNEL
MANAGEMENT TO INCLUDE PAY AND POSITION MANAGEMENT AND ALL OTHER ADMINISTRATIVE
FUNCTIONS. IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPENDIX Z TQ THE COLLECTIVE TARIFF
AGREEMENT, CIVILIAN SUPPORT HAS ITS OWN PAYGRADE STRUCTURE WHICH USES
PREFIXES ZA, ZB, ZW AND ZS. THE ZA PAYGRADES, RANGING FROM 1 THROUGH
6, DESIGNATE "BLUECOLLAR" POSITIONS. THE ZB PAYGRADES, RANGE FROM
1 THROUGH 11 WITH 1 THROUGH 6 GENERALLY DESIGNATING NON-SUPERVISORY
"WHITE COLLAR" POSITIONS, AND 7 THROUGH 11 GENERALLY DESIGNATING SUPERVISORY
"WHITE COLLAR" POSITIONS. GUARDS IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC, BECAUSE
OF THE SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF THEIR JOBS, ARE DESIGNATED USING GRADES
ZW 1 THROUGH ZW 4. IN BERLIN, GUARDS ARE DESIGNATED USING GRADES ZS
1 THROUGH ZS 4. ACTION IS UNDERWAY TO ALIGN CIVILIAN SUPPORT PAY WITH
THAT OF OTHER LOCAL NATIONALS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PHILOSOPHY OF
EQUAL PAY FOR EQUAL WORK. RECRUITMENT, A RESPONSIBILITY OF EVERY SUPERINTENDENT AND SUPERVISOR, IS DONE ON A DECENTRALIZED BASIS BY ALL UNITS. IN THE CASE OF SPECIAL AND CRITICAL SKILLS, THE USAREUR CIVILIAN SUPPORT AGENCY ASSISTS INDIVIDUAL UNITS. CIVILIAN SUPPORT ALSO HAS ITS OWN PROMOTION SYSTEM; THE MERIT PROMOTION SYSTEM, UNDER WHICH VACANCIES ARE FORMALLY ANNOUNCED. ANYONE MAY APPLY FOR VACANCIES. THOSE WHO ARE QUALIFIED ARE INTERVIEWED BY A BOARD. THE SELECTION DECISION IS MADE BY THE BOARD, COMPRISED OF 3 OR 5 CIVILIAN SUPPORT MEMBERS AND CHAIRED BY THE SUPERVISOR OF THE UNIT IN WHICH THE VACANCY EXISTS. THE BOARD MUST INCLUDE A DISINTERESTED CIVILIAN SUPPORT MEMBER AND AN INCUMBENT OF A POSITION SIMILAR TO THE VACANT POSITION, WHO PROVIDES TECHNICAL EXPERTISE AND THE BOARD MAY INCLUDE A NON-VOTING OBSERVER WHO IS NORMALLY A UNIT WORKS COUNCIL MEMBER. ADDITIONAL OBSERVERS ARE PERMITTED. WHILE MERIT PROMOTION FROM WITHIN CIVILIAN SUPPORT IS PREFERRED, THE "BEST QUALIFIED" CRITERION TAKES PRECEDENCE AND SOMETIMES RESULTS IN LATERAL ENTRY OR HIRE OFF THE STREET. IN RECOGNITION OF THE IMPORTANT SUPPORT PROVIDED U.S. FORCES BY CIVILIAN SUPPORT, EXEMPTION FROM CONSCRIPTION INTO THE GERMAN ARMED FORCES IS GRANTED THOSE WHO REQUEST IT AND WHOSE UNIT SUPERVISOR APPROVES AND FORWARDS THE REQUEST. ALL NEW EMPLOYEES ARE SUBJECTED TO EMPLOYMENT SUITABILITY SCREENING. CERTAIN KEY CIVILIAN SUPPORT PERSONNEL ARE GIVEN LIMITED ACCESS AUTHORIZATIONS (LAAs) UP TO SECRET TO ACCOMPLISH THEIR JOBS. |
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| CIVILIAN
SUPPORT ORGANIZATION THE USAREUR CIVILIAN SUPPORT AGENCY (UCSA)(PROV), WITH HEADQUARTERS IN HEIDELBERG, IS A USAREUR ASSIGNED UNIT WHICH OPERATES UNDER THE GENERAL STAFF SUPERVISION OF THE DEPUTY CHIEF OF STAFF, PERSONNEL. PROVIDING POLICY DEVELOPMENT, PROGRAM OBJECTIVES AND PROGRAM DIRECTION IN THE AREAS OF ADMINISTRATION, ORGANIZATION, EQUIPMENT, PERSONNEL, PAY AND POSITION MANAGEMENT, LOGISTIC SUPPORT AND TRAINING FOR THE CIVILIAN SUPPORT PROGRAM IN USAREUR AND PARTICIPATING COMMANDS. BY CINCUSAREUR DIRECTIVE, ALL US COMMAND ACTIONS WHICH AFFECT THE ORGANIZATION ARE COORDINATED WITH THE AGENCY. |
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| THE SLIDES THAT
FOLLOW PROVIDE A CLOSER LOOK AT THE INTEGRATION OF CIVILIAN SUPPORT
UNITS INTO THE U.S. COMMAND STRUCTURE. - U.S. COMMANDS
ARE SHOWN IN (GRAY) WHILE CIVILIAN SUPPORT-PECULIAR ORGANIZATIONS,
THAT IS CIVILIAN SUPPORT UNITS AND THE CIVILIAN SUPPORT AGENCY, ARE
SHOWN IN (YELLOW). THE NUMBERS IN THE BLOCKS INDICATE THE NUMBER OF
OIFFERENT UNITS IN EACH CASE. THE 82 NUMBERED UNITS WITH A TOTAL AUTHORIZED STRENGTH OF OVER 10,000 VARY CONSIDERABLY IN SIZE; FROM A LIAISON DETACHMENT OF 3 PERSONNEL TO A DIRECT SUPPORT/GENERAL SUPPORT MAINTENANCE CENTER WITH 10 SUBORDINATE CIVILIAN SUPPORT UNITS OF VARIOUS CAPABILITES CONSISTING OF OVER 1,600 PERSONNEL. MOST UNITS, HOWEVER, ARE "COMPANY SIZE". A TYPICAL UNIT MIGHT CONSIST OF THE FOLLOWING: - A UNIT SUPERVISOR
IN PAYGRADE ZB-9, - AN ADMINISTRATIVE
ASSISTANT ZB-6 OR 7, - A SUPPLY SPECIALIST
ZB-5 OR 6, - FUNCTIONAL ELEMENT(S)
AS REQUIREO BY THE UNIT'S MISSION CONSISTING OF WORKERS ANO MINIMUM
NECESSARY LINE SUPERVISORS. EXAMPLES ARE: COMMUNICATIONS &
ELECTRONICS REPAIR SECTIONS WAREHOUSE SECTIONS
DOCUMENT CONTROL
SECTIONS DESIGN SECTIONS
CONSTRUCTION SECTIONS
FLOAT BRIDGE SECTIONS
GUARD SECTIONS AMMUNITION MAGAZINE
SECTIONS - CIVILIAN SUPPORT
UNITS ALSO HAVE COOKS, MECHANICS, DRIVERS, CLERKS, AND OTHERS AS REQUIRED.
- AS WELL AS EQUIPMENT
REQUIRED BY THE MISSION SUCH AS SMOKE GENERATORS, AND ENGINEER EQUIPMENT.
- ALSO AVAILABLE
IN EACH UNIT, AS REQUIRED, ARE SPACE FOR UNIT ADMINISTRATION, HOUSING,
SUPPLY ROOMS, ARMS ROOMS, DINING FACILITIES. WORKSITES, AND OTHER
EQUIPMENT STORAGE AREAS. - A UNIT STRENGTH
OF 100 -150 IS TYPICAL. U.S. COMMANDS GAIN ADDITIONAL FLEXIBILITY FROM THE EXTENSIVE USE OF CIVILIAN SUPPORT DETACHMENTS. THE 82 UNITS CURRENTLY HAVE 44 DETACHMENTS AND SECTIONS OPERATING AT SEPARATE LOCATIONS. DETACHMENTS ARE USED PRIMARILY BY GUARD AND AMMUNITION UNITS AND ARE RESPONSIVE TO MISSIONS AT REMOTE SITES REQUIRING LESS THAN A FULL UNIT. IN ADDITION TO THESE 44 DETACHMENTS AND SECTIONS, 32 DISPENSARIES LOCATED THROUGHOUT THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC ARE OPERATED BY THE MEDICAL SERVICE CIVILIAN SUPPORT UNIT IN SUPPORT OF OTHER UNITS. IN SUPPORT OF THE 5TH SIGNAL COMMAND, A SIGNAL SUPPORT UNIT HAS 21 TEAMS AT WIDELY DISPERSED MICROWAVE RADIO SITES. FOR A VARIETY OF REASONS, MANY CIVILIAN SUPPORT UNITS ARE MORE COST EFFECTIVE THAN LIKE U.S. MILITARY UNITS. CIVILIAN SUPPORT ORGANIZATION IS PRECISELY TAILORED TO THE UNIT'S MISSION AND SITUATION AND IS REVIEWED PERIODICALLY. CIVILIAN SUPPORT UNITS ALSO USUALLY HAVE LESS TURNOVER THAN CORRESPONDING U.S. UNITS AND ARE, THEREFORE, MORE PROFICIENT IN ACCOMPLISHING THEIR MISSIONS. CIVILIAN SUPPORT EMPLOYEES DEVOTE ESSENTIALLY FULL TIME TO PRODUCTIVE WORK WHEREAS U.S. UNITS MUST COPE WITH MANY NON-PRODUCTIVE DISTRACTIONS. |
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| CIVILIAN SUPPORT
MISSIONS - THE CIVILIAN SUPPORT ORGANIZATION PERFORMS A WIDE VARIETY OF MISSIONS: PHYSICAL
SECURITY MISSIONS ARE PERFORMED BY 15 GUARD UNITS IN THE FEDERAL
REPUBLIC ASSIGNED TO V AND VII CORPS, 7TH ARMY TRAINING COMMAND &
21ST SUPPORT COMMAND AND ONE GUARD BATTALION IN BERLIN. OPERATING
WITH THEIR DETACHMENTS FROM SOME 40 LOCATIONS, THEY PROVIDE PHYSICAL
SECURITY FOR VARIOUS INSTALLATIONS, SUCH AS EQUIPMENT PRESTOCK POINTS,
CONVENTIONAL AMMUNITION STORAGE SITES, RADIO SITES, DEPOTS AND HEADQUARTERS.
THE SINGLE LARGEST TASK OF GUARD UNITS IS SECURING CONVENTIONAL AMMUNITION.
DEPENDING ON THE SITUATION, THE GUARD UNITS EMPLOY SOME COMBINATION
OF STATIC AND WALKING POSTS, MOTORIZED PATROLS, GUARD DOGS AND ELECTRONIC
INTRUSION DETECTORS. COMPARED TO CONTRACT GUARDS, CIVILIAN SUPPORT
GUARD UNITS OFFER THE ADVANTAGES OF MOBILITY, RESPONSIVENESS, RELIABILITY,
AND DEPENDABILITY. THE RESULT IS IMPROVED SECURITY. AMMUNITION
MAINTENANCE, STORAGE, SURVEILLANCE AND HANDLING IS ACCOMPLISHED
BY SEVEN CIVILIAN SUPPORT UNITS ASSIGNED TO BOTH CORPS & 21ST SUPPORT
COMMAND. THEY OPERATE WITH THEIR DETACHMENTS FROM 15 LOCATIONS AT
OVER 50 DIFFERENT AMMUNITION SITES. DEPENDING ON THE WORKSITE CONDITIONS,
THEY USE EITHER ROUGH TERRAIN MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT (MHE) OR
COMMERCIAL TYPE MHE. GUARD AND AMMUNITION UNITS WORK CLOSELY TOGETHER,
FREQUENTLY UNDER THE OPERATIONAL CONTROL OF THE SAME US ELEMENT. ENGINEER
FLOAT BRIDGING IS PROVIDED BY TWO FLOAT BRIDGE UNITS; ONE ASSIGNED
TO EACH CORPS. WHILE THEY ARE NOW ORGANIZED AS RIBBON BRIDGE UNITS,
THEY RETAIN THE CAPABILITY OF EMPLOYING CLASS 60 AND PANEL BRIDGES
AS WELL. MAINTENANCE
OF BRIDGING EQUIPMENT IS DONE BY TWO UNITS ASSIGNED TO THE
21ST SUPPORT COMMAND, ONE MAINTAINING CLASS 60 AND OTHER DEPOT BRIDGE
STOCKS. THE OTHER MAINTAINING PRIMARILY MOBILE ASSAULT AND RIBBON
BRIDGES. MAINTENANCE
FUNCTIONS FOR A WIDE RANGE OF EQUIPMENT AT THE DIRECT SUPPORT AND
GENERAL SUPPORT LEVELS AS WELL AS ON AN AREA BASIS ARE PERFORMED BY
EIGHT UNITS WITHIN VII CORPS & 21ST SUPPORT COMMAND. ONE OF THESE,
A COMMUNICATIONS-ELECTRONICS MAINTENANCE UNIT, ALSO SUPPORTS DARCOM.
ON A DUAL MISSION BASIS. THE 6900TH SMOKE GENERATOR CENTER, WITH FOUR
SUBORDINATE UNITS, MAINTAINS POMCUS STOCK FOR THE COMBAT EQUIPMENT
GROUP, EUROPE (CEGE) AND PROVIDES SMOKE GENERATING SUPPORT FOR THE
TACTICAL UNITS IN USAREUR. THIS IS THE ONLY ACTIVE SMOKE GENERATOR
UNIT AVAILABLE TO THE U.S. ARMY. THREE GENERAL
SUPPORT SUPPLY UNITS IN THE TWO CORPS AND 21ST SUPPORT COMMAND
RECEIVE, STORE AND ISSUE REPAIR PARTS AS WELL AS SELECTED ITEMS OF
CLOTHING, TENTAGE, TOOLS AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS. DEPOT
SUPPORT UNITS IN VII CORPS, 21ST SUPPORT COMMAND, 7TH MEDICAL
COMMAND AND THE DEFENSE SUBSISTENCE REGION, EUROPE (A DEFENSE LOGISTICS
AGENCY ACTIVITY) WORK WITH A WIDE RANGE OF COMMODITIES PROVIDING RECEIPT,
STORAGE, CARE, PRESERVATION AND ISSUE SERVICES FOR GENERAL SUPPLIES
AND MAJOR END ITEMS INCLUDING COLD STORES AND MEDICAL ITEMS. TRANSPORTATION
SUPPORT IS PROVIDED BY THE 6966TH CSC ASSIGNED TO THE 4TH TRANSPORTATION
COMMAND WHICH HAS SEVEN SUBORDINATE CSG: THREE MEDIUM TRUCK UNITS,
ONE REEFER UNIT, ONE HEAVY EQUIPMENT TRANSPORTER UNIT AND TWO TRAILER
TRANSFER POINTS. THIS UNIT PROVIDES MOTOR HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION FOR
NUMEROUS COMMODITIES INCLUDING AMMUNITION AND TRACKED VEHICLES, AND
MOVES NEARLY ALL FROZEN FOOD REQUIRED BY THE ARMY AND AIR FORCE. ENGINEER
CONSTRUCTION IS PERFORMED BY THE 6970TH CSC, ASSIGNED TO THE
18th ENGINEER BRIGADE, WITH SIX SUBORDINATE CONSTRUCTION UNITS WHO
HAVE THE MISSION OF PERFORMING ENGINEER PLANNING AND DESIGN, CONSTRUCTING,
REHABILITATING AND MAINTAINING COMMUNICATION ROUTES, BUILDINGS AND
OTHER FACILITIES AND PERFORMING RELATED ENGINEERING TASKS. CONSTRUCTION
CREWS FROM THESE UNITS CAN BE SEEN REGULARLY THROUGHOUT THE FEDERAL
REPUBLIC WORKING ON MANY VARIED PROJECTS. THIS UNIT ALSO OPERATES
TWO ROCK QUARRIES. MEDICAL
SERVICE SUPPORT TO CIVILIAN SUPPORT UNITS IS PROVIDED BY A
MEDICAL SERVICE UNIT ASSIGNED TO THE 7TH MEDICAL COMMAND WHICH OPERATES
DISPENSARIES THROUGHOUT THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC AND BY A DISPENSARY IN
BERLIN. SIGNAL
CONSTRUCTION AND SUPPORT TO THE 5TH SIGNAL COMMAND IS PROVIDED
BY SIX UNITS. IN ADDITION TO THEIR WORK IN GERMANY, SMALL CONTACT
TEAMS FROM THESE UNITS OFTEN PROVIDE, ON A TDY BASIS, EXPERT KNOWLEDGE
AND SUPPORT FOR U.S. FORCES COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS LOCATED OUTSIDE
OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC. FINALLY, THERE ARE
SEVERAL LIAISON DETACHMENTS WHICH ASSIST
US COMMANDS IN CONTROLLING ASSIGNED CIVILIAN SUPPORT UNITS. FUTURE EXPANSION OF THE CIVILIAN SUPPORT ORGANIZATION MAY INCLUDE THE ACTIVATION OF UNITS WITH NEW KINDS OF MISSIONS NOT NOW PERFORMED BY THE ORGANIZATION. |
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| PERSONNEL
PROFILE -
THE TRANSFORMATION UNDERGONE BY THE ORGANIZATION FROM A BASIC GUARD AND LABOR WORKFORCE TO A MODERN TECHNICAL AND SPECIALIZED WORKFORCE IS APPARENT FROM THE FOLLOWING SLIDES: THIS IS A BREAKOUT BY NATIONALITY. WHILE CLEARLY A MULTINATIONAL WORKFORCE, 85% OF CIVILIAN SUPPORT EMPLOYEES TODAY ARE GERMAN CITIZENS. MOST OF THE NON-GERMAN EMPLOYEES, WHO ARE PREDOMINANTLY OF POLISH OR BALTIC ORIGIN, HAVE OBTAINED HOMELESS FOREIGNER STATUS, A LEGAL STATUS AWARDED BY THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE GENEVA CONVENTION. HOMELESS FOREIGNERS HAVE ALL THE RIGHTS ANO OBLIGATIONS OF GERMAN CITIZENS EXCEPT VOTING, SERVING IN THE ARMED FORCES AND HOLDING ELECTED PUBLIC OFFICE. THIS BREAKOUT BY AGE SHOWS THAT THE CIVILIAN SUPPORT WORK FORCE IS A RELATIVELY YOUNG ONE, AS EVIDENCED BY THE 34 YEAR AVERAGE AGE OF THE GERMAN EMPLOYEES. NON-GERMANS, WHO WERE THE ORIGINAL WORK FORCE, OF COURSE ACCOUNT FOR A DISPROPORTIONATE SHARE OF THE OLDER EMPLOYEES. THIS BREAKOUT BY LENGTH OF EMPLOYMENT INDICATES THE HIGH DEGREE OF STABILITY AND CONTINUITY WHICH EXISTS. THE CIVILIAN SUPPORT ORGANIZATION BENEFITS GREATLY FROM THIS RETAINED EXPERIENCE. WOMEN ARE INCREASINGLY EVIDENT AMONG CIVILIAN SUPPORT EMPLOYEES, NOW NUMBERING OVER 500. FEMALE EMPLOYEES ARE AFFORDED THE SAME OPPORTUNITIES AS THEIR MALE COLLEAGUES WITH THE EXCEPTION OF CERTAIN RESTRICTIONS NECESSITATED BY GERMAN LAW REGARDING EMPLOYMENT CONOITIONS, SUCH AS, NO WORK AFTER 2300 HOURS AND NO ROTATING SHIFT WORK. ACCORDINGLY, WOMEN ARE NOT EMPLOYED AS GUARDS BECAUSE OF THE GUARD SHIFT SYSTEM. AS A MATTER OF POLICY, WOMEN ARE NOT REQUIRED TO RECEIVE WEAPONS TRAINING NOR ARE THEY ASSIGNED DUTIES REQUIRING THE BEARING OF ARMS. CERTAIN FACILITIES FOR WOMEN ARE, OF COURSE, SEPARATE FROM THOSE FOR MEN, SUCH AS, RESTROOMS, CLOTHES CHANGING ROOMS AND INDIVIDUAL QUARTERS ROOMS. |
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| SOME COMMON
MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT CIVILIAN SUPPORT - THERE ARE A NUMBER OF MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT CIVILIAN SUPPORT. MOST OF THESE ARISE FROM THE FACT THAT, WHILE ALL PERSONNEL ARE CIVILIANS AND THEIR JOBS NONCOMBATANT TASKS, THEIR ORGANIZATION AND MISSIONS BEAR SOME RESEMBLANCE TO THOSE OF THE US ARMY AND INVOLVE WORK WITH MILITARY EQUIPMENT IN CLOSE DAILY ASSOCIATION WITH THE U.S. MILITARY. CIVILIAN SUPPORT EMPLOYEES DO NOT HOLD AND SHOULD NOT BE ADDRESSED BY MILITARY RANK. THERE ARE NO "OFFICERS". "NCO's" OR "MEN" NOR SHOULD ANY SUCH DISTINCTIONS BE MADE. EMPLOYEES HAVE JOB TITLES AND PAYGRADES. MAY WEAR PAYGRAOE INSIGNIA AND SHOULD BE ADDRESSED ACCORDINGLY, OR SIMPLY AS "MISTER", "MRS." OR "MISS". CIVILIAN SUPPORT EMPLOYEES WEAR UNIFORM WORK CLOTHING WHICH CAN BE DISTINGUISHED AT ALL TIMES BY THE DISTINCTIVE RED, WHITE AND BLUE LEFT SHOULDER SLEEVE INSIGNIA OR CIVILIAN SUPPORT PATCH WHICH IS REQUIRED TO BE WORN ON ALL OUTER GARMENTS. IN THE CASE OF CIVILIAN SUPPORT BLUE-GRAY UNIFORM WORK CLOTHING, ITS DISTINCTIVE COLOR IS AN ADDITIONAL DISTINGUISHING FEATURE. IN SOME UNITS, DISTINCTIVE UNIT PATCHES ARE WORN AS WELL. CIVILIAN SUPPORT EMPLOYEES MAY NOT RECEIVE MILITARY TRAINING IN SUCH SUBJECTS AS INDIVIDUAL OR UNIT TACTICS, TECHNIQUES OF FIRE, CLOSE ORDER DRILL, PHYSICAL FITNESS, AUTOMATIC AND CREW SERVED WEAPONS OR MANUAL OF ARMS. THEY DO NOT NORMALLY PARTICIPATE IN ROUTINE PRACTICE ALERTS OR READINESS TESTING. NBC TRAINING IS REQUIRED FOR ALL EMPLOYEES BUT INCLUDES ONLY DEFENSIVE ASPECTS. TRAINING WITH THEIR ASSIGNEO INDIVIDUAL WEAPON INCLUDING FIRING IS REQUIRED OF MALE PERSONNEL OTHER THAN MEDICAL PERSONNEL AND CLERGY. WEAPONS TRAINING IS NECESSARY BECAUSE GUARDS ARE ROUTINELY ARMED, WHILE OTHER MALE EMPLOYEES MAY BE REQUIRED TO SECURE WORKSITES, PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT TEMPORARILY. CIVILIAN SUPPORT EMPLOYEES ARE SUBJECT TO INSPECTOR GENERAL ANO COMMAND INSPECTIONS BUT MAY NOT BE REQUIRED TO DISPLAY ISSUED EQUIPMENT IN A FORMAL MANNER, TO FORM FOR INSPECTION IN RANKS OR UNDER ARMS OR BE REQUIRED TO OBSERVE MILITARY STANDARDS OF CONDUCT AND APPEARANCE. THE RECENT STRENGTH TREND IS SHOWN HERE. THIS TREND AND THE CURRENT CONSIDERABLE FURTHER EXPANSION OF THE ORGANIZATION DESIRED BY U.S. COMMANDS IS TESTIMONY TO THE EFFECTIVENESS AND DEDICATION OF THE CIVILIAN SUPPORT ORGANIZATION, THE HIGH ESTEEM IN WHICH IT IS HELD BY U.S. COMMANDS AND ITS VALUABLE CONTRIBUTION TO US FORCES. THE BRIEFING IS CONCLUDED. |
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| List of CLG & LS Units, May 1977 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Source: Siegbert Mann, "History of Labor Service and Civilian Support Organization" website) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| USAREUR Reg 600-400 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Source: USAREUR Regulation 600-400, 16 May 1991) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SUMMARY This regulation: |
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| GENERAL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| PEACETIME USE OF CIV SPT UNITS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| WARTIME USE OF CIV SPT PERSONNEL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| GLOSSARY | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Civilian Support
organization A generic term indicating the entire Civilian Support (Civ Spt) structure, including all employees. The Civ Spt organization does not have a single commander providing command and control over all Civ Spt units. |
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| Civilian Support units | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| USAREUR Civilian
Support Agency (UCSA) A USAREUR-assigned unit (USAREUR Reg 10-5) under the general staff supervision of the Deputy Chief of Staff, Personnel, USAREUR. |
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| Medical Service | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Source: Labor Service Medical Service, USAREUR Historical Manuscript, no date (prob. early 1960s). Submitted by Siegbert Mann) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| History of
the Labor Service Medical Service Until 1953 a medical service as a branch of the Labor Service did not exist. Prior to 1953 the medical support provided to Labor Service (LS) personnel was organized on a unit basis; physicians, dentists, and aidmen were assigned to the various LS units, thus becoming integral parts of the units. LS medical personnel were not supervised or controlled by any medical authority or medical liaison headquarters. In 1953 separate Labor Service medical detachments were established as organic elements of Labor Service Centers or separate technical Labor Service units. These medical units were advised by the Liaison Surgeon, 3331st LS Liaison Detachment, Heidelberg, on all matters pertaining to the practice of medicine. However, this type of medical was still unsatisfactory and insufficient. All LS personnel in Germany with monthly earnings of up to 660 DM are required by law to participate in the Social Sick Insurance and may receive treatment from German civilian medical facilities. These civilian medical facilities are inadequate to provide medical care for a quasi-military population with regard to hospitalization and dispensary care. Admission to civilian hospitals is generally limited to surgery and other specialized treatment. Therefore, it was necessary for most medical treatment and convalescence to be accomplished at home. But, since most LS personnel are required to live in barracks-type quarters, this arrangement was not satisfactory for the patient, and it exposed other members of the units to respiratory infections and other contagious deseases. LS physicians were generally not recognized by the Krankenkasse (Sickness Insurance) and other professional organizations due to lack of professional background and supervision. Furthermore, the medical support received from civilian physicians who could only be reached outside the kaserne, was most unsatisfactory since the civilian physicians were neither familiar with the Labor Service organization and functions nor were they interested in the conservation of LS manhours. German civilian physicians are more inclined to declare LS personnel "unfit for work" when they could be utilized in other company duties. Moreover, there was a tendency on the part of LS personnel to elect this type of treatment as a means of evading field exercises or using accrued sick leave. Since LS physicians were not recognized by the Krankenkasse and the Association of Social Sick Insurance physicians, they were not entitled to reexamine a patient to determine whether he was physically fit to return to work. The reason LS physicians were unable to obtain permission to practice as Social Sick Insurance Physicians was that the German Federation of Physicians indicated on several occasions they would lend support for the recognition of LS physicians only if there is one qualified LS physician who can be held responsible for the compliance with German laws. With this background in mind the following was obtained: Medical care under German social insurance is designed to provide complete medical care for the civilian population. However, adequate medical care cannot be provided for LS personnel based entirely upon civilian medical facilities. Lack of civilian hospitalization facilities and professional personnel have made it necessary to augment medical care with Labor Service dispensaries. LS medical dispensaries established on a unit support plan basis had reduced loss in manhours. However, the plan was considered ineffective -- for the following reasons: |
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| As a result of
these disadvantages it was deemed necessary to reorganize and centralize
the whole LS Medical Service, so that medical personnel were organized
into separate, independent medical units, and then assigned to a central
medical agency for direct control and supervision. After long negotiations
between USAREUR Medical Command, Medical Division, and USAREUR Labor
Services Division, the LS Medical Service
as a branch of the LS Organization was established in June 1955. Twelve
Labor Service medical general
dispensaries were activated, and together with one
medical depot company
which was already in existence, were assigned to USAREUR Medical Command.
At the same time the 3332d LS Liaison Detachment, until then a veterinary
unit, was reorganized and established as the Labor
Service Medical Liaison Detachment with assignment
to USAREUR Medical Command. It is the mission of this Medical Liaison
Detachment to render professional supervision and advise on all matters
pertaining to the practice of medicine. Prior to 1952 the veterinary support to LS units was organized on a unit basis. LS veterinarians and meat and dairy technicians were assigned to the various LS units, thus becoming integral parts of those units. LS veterinary personnel were not supervised or controlled by any medical authority or medical liaison headquarters. In 1952 the 3332d Labor Service Liaison Detachment was activated as a veterinary unit. All veterinary personnel were transferred from various LS units and assigned to the 3332d LS Liaison Detachment, which was reorganized in 1955 as the Medical Liaison Detachment. Effective 1 November 1957 all veterinary personnel were reassigned to the appropriate LS Medical General Dispensaries and attached for duty and operational control to the various US VFI teams. At present time all LS veterinary personnel are assigned to two (2) LS Medical General Dispensaries under 549th Hospital Center. On or about 1 January 1963 the veterinary personnel were reassigned to the appropriate five (5) Medical General Dispensaries in the areas where they work. LS veterinary personnel inspects all types of food, meat, poultry, marine products, to determine whether or not proper sanitation, processing methods and contract specifications are maintained in German slaughter houses and other food sources, inspects food products upon delivery to and from ration breakdown point, performs sanitation inspections of LS messing, club, and canteen facilities monthly, performs medical care of sentry dogs, assists in US animal clinics as required, and also work in cold storage plants as directed. The 45th Labor Supervision District was activated on 21 August 1953 by General Order No 25, Hq, USAREUR, Medical Division, 11 August 1953, from the 7779th Army Unit. Following this the 45th Labor Supervision District was reorganized under General Order No 143, Hq, USAREUR, effective 1 July 1955. Applicable TO&E was 20-20R, 18 April 1955. At the present time applicable TO&E is 20-20D, 26 February 1958. The unit again was reorganized under General Order No 392, Hq, USAREUR, 10 November 1959. Authorized strength: 2 commissioned officers and 6 enlisted. The reorganization resulted in an overall reduction in Labor Service medical spaces and in an increase in efficiency of the LS Medical Service since a centralized medical organization was much easier to handle and was operating more economically. Following completion of the overall reorganization of the LS Medical Service, the stipulation of the Federation of Physicians that recognition of LS physicians depended upon a centralized professional supervision was complied with. It was now time to resume negotiations to reach an agreement on participation of LS physicians in the Social Sick Insurance System. This was necessary because adequate medical support to LS personnel could only be given if our physicians had the right to work as physicians of the Social Sick Insurance System. The negotiations were successful in that today all LS physicians in Germany are authorized to work as Social Sick Insurance physicians. Although all LS physicians do have the duties and obligations of physicians of the Social Sick Insurance System, only a few also have the rights pursuant thereto. After the contracts with the local organizations of the Association of the Social Sick Insurance Physicians and the Social Sick Insurance agencies were concluded, the duties of LS physicians had to be divided into two categories to fulfill both the requirements of the US Army and the requirements toward the compulsory insured employee. Consequently, duties were assigned to them as employed physicians of the Labor Service, and duties involving treatments in accordance with German social insurance and German law. Thus the medical support rendered LS personnel in Germany has now reached the highest possible standard since the beginning of the Labor Service organization, chiefly because it was possible to coordinate the two types of LS physicians' duties. The medical support plan was working smoothly and effectively until early 1956 with greatly improved rapport between all factions of Labor Service and medical service personnel. Then early 1956 budgetary factors required an overall personnel reduction of some 33 percent with no applicable lessening of medical support requirements. A new organizational concept was created in May 1956 becoming effective 1 July 1956, and which consolidated the LS Medical Service into four General Dispensaries and one medical depot company, thus materially reducing administrative overhead. This concept imposed a decrease in dental support to a level below that generally considered adequate, and reduced medical personnel to the minimum necessary to provide limited medical care. As a result of realignment of command functions within USAREUR, the LS medical depot company was assigned to ComZ on 1 October 1956. By the end of 1956 the required reduction of personnel and units was achieved. On 1 July 1957 the four LS Medical General Dispensaries and the 3332d LS Medical Liaison Detachment were relieved from assignment to the USAREUR Medical Command, and were assigned to the newly-activated hospital center. On 1 October 1957 the 8044th LS Medical Ambulance Company was relieved from assignment to WACom and was also assigned to the hospital center. Assigned strengths have remained relatively constant until now, with the exception of some vacant spaces which have not been filled because of a shortage of skilled professional personnel. Effective 1 November 1960, both, the 45th Labor Supervision District and the 3332d LS Medical Liaison Detachment, were placed under the Surgeon, USAREUR, for technical direction, by General Order No 480, Hq, USAREUR, 26 October 1960. Effective 20 June 1961 the 45th Labor Supervision District was reorganized under General Order No 128, Hq, USAREUR, 8 June 1961. Effective 7 November 1961 the 45th Labor Supervision District was placed under the 130th Station Hospital for logistical support per General Order No 13, Hq, 549th Hospital Center. Authorized reduced strength is 1 commissioned officer and one enlisted. Authorized full strength is 1 commissioned officer and seven enlisted. The unit again was reorganized under General Order No 166, Hq, USAREUR, 26 April 1962. Authorized full strength is 2 commissioned officers and 6 enlisted. No change of reduced strength. Effective 15 December 1962, both, the 45th Labor Supervision District, and the 3332d LS Medical Liaison Detachment, were transferred from the 549th Hospital Center to the 9th Hospital Center with no change in mission, location, or attachments. On 1 December 1962 the 8071st LS Medical General Dispensary in Berlin, Germany, was activated per General Order No 307, Hq, USAREUR. This unit was assigned to the Berlin Brigade, and to the 279th Station Hospital for operational control, the 45th Labor Supervision District for staff supervision and administrative control, and the 3332d LS Medical Liaison Detachment for professional and technical supervision. |
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| 4015th Labor Service Co (Polish Guard) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1950 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Source: Email from Henry Dolbik whose father served with the Labor Service) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 4006th Labor Service Co (Guard) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 4104th Civilian Support Gp (Guard) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4104th Civilian Support Group (Guard) Patch (courtesy
Siegbert Mann) |
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| (Source: COMMUNITY TIMES, Feb 1, 1984) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CSG Gate Guards:
Protecting those who protect Germany By Rick Brewer For the men of the 4104th Civilian Support Group (Guard), the grim job of sentry duty begins here, under an early morning sun or amid heavy rain and snowfall at midnight, at kasernes bearing the names: Husterhoeh, Muenchweiler and Fischbach Army, or ammunition and equipment storage sites bearing numerical identifiers such as 5-9, 3-2 and 4-7. Unlike the 4104th sentry of decades past, however, these CSG security policemen need not salute, address their superiors as Colonel, Major or "Sir". Nor do they toil 12-, 18- or 24-hour shifts to pick up a paycheck. As before, a sentry must attend and successfully complete a rigorous training program to join the civilian support group, but now they extend professional courtesy by addressing others as simply, "Mister" or "Miss" and work no more than 10 hours a day. |
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| Yet the new
methods of the CSG, especially those employed by the 4104th, also
raise questions: Just how well trained are these CSG guards to protect
the interests of the community? Going a step further, how much can
Americans here depend on today's less regimented sentrys? Many officials here agree that it is hard to guage the capabilities of the 4104th guard since none has been confronted with a life-threatening incident since the unit was headquartered in Pirmasens in 1953. Some of the sentrys themselves, however, share Poplonski's view that 'the guard' is less military oriented today. "When we joined we knew of the threat (from the East), what it meant for Americans to be here," said Michael Wenger, a Pole with 32 years of service. "I'm not sure that the young guys have an appreciation for what being in the CSG, especially the 4104th, actually is." Beyond question, many of today's 4104th sentrys are not overly concerned about pledging allegiance to the United States and the American military. With nearly 11 percent of the German populace currently unemployed, many are just happy to have work. |
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| "But we're
happy here with that we now have," Pauly continued. "If we weren't
or for those who aren't, the door is open." The 4104th's turnover rate is extremely low. For example, during the last four months of 1983, the unit lost ten -- or roughly three percent -- of its members to retirement or other jobs. Admittedly, that figure may be attributed to the country's joblessness. Many of the 4104th's guards, like Emanuel, say that they keep working rather than join the ranks of Germany's unemployed. But most say they wouldn't have it any other way. The workday begins early for Gerhard Kuehner, a German who's been a member of the 4104th for almost two years. He mans his post at Gate One at about 4 a.m. Dressed in olive-drab colored fatigues, Kuehner presents an appearance one would expect from a hardened soldier. He's medium height, slender, looks to be in fairly good physical shape, short hair -- not whitewalls, but close. His view of his profession is every bit as straightforward. He sees himself, and his peers, as keeping a check on the heartbeat of democracy. Although that pulse-taking is a small part in insuring a healthy political system, it's one that's vital. "I'm not just protecting American property, I'm protecting those who are protecting Germany," he says. His two daughters, ages 14 and 15, "respect me," he adds. Older countrymen "do likewise." Helmut Kaemmerer said, "Once in a while you can smell it," referring to the threat he and his co-workers defend against. His monthly pay of DM 1200 (approximately $425) isn't much, but it is the same as that he received in a local shoe factory where he worked until two years ago. Kaemmerer has little doubt that if he were called on to use force to guard his post, he would. "I joined, I know the rules, and I work for the Americans," he explained. "I'm sure I'll do it." It's hard to "get in touch" with the 4104th guard without looking to the veterans. Many are foreign nationals -- Italians, Yugoslavs and Poles. Most have been with the 4104th more than five years. The average 4104th sentry has many qualities... qualities that are hard to see from the surface. There's lots of "gung-ho" talk and show of spirit from some, but for most, that's just not their style. The 4104th veteran of 32 years, Wenger, is typical. While admitting that he sees the 4104th guard as less well-prepared today than those of years past, Wenger rests patiently in the foyer of the unit's headquarters, waiting to start his shift. "We've got a job to do," is about all he'll say. Similiar attitudes are readily displayed by most of the guards on Wenger's shift. Gergar Victor is a native of Yugoslavia who fled his homeland in 1950 because, he says, "I wouldn't spend an ounce of my time in the communist army." He'll never be able to return home. The 4104th is his home. "I have no complaints," he says. That sense of belonging runs high in the outfit. It is fostered by many of 4104th's members who, like Victor, are refugees from other countries and keep on with the unit because they know no other life. They make the most of what they have. Others are former soldiers who want to maintain a physical, as well as emotional, tie with a military organization. Others look at their work as, simply, "a way to make a living." "If we don't do it, who else will?" asked Armo Kelsch, 18. Klaus Nerding, 34, is starting his seventh year as a member of the 4104th. "I wanted to join and I make it good" he said. Life, and work, for the average 4104th guard appears good. Although the work is often tedious and many times completed under adverse conditions, the hours, the guards say, are "not too long". That appeals to those members of the 4104th who are married. Guards who are single -- whose pay is often taxed heavily -- can live in low-cost billeting on the kaserne. Any guard can receive meals in dining facilities here. The cost: DM 8 a day. Most 4104th guards agree that if they could change anything, it'd be the amount of training they receive. CSG guards receive instruction in weapons handling, uniform wear, security procedures and law during their 14-day basic training course in Kaiserslautern.There are 42 hours of refresher training annually. They say their mission is becoming increasingly "more diverse", while their training is "not keeping up." Many are asking for more training from local military police and polizei. But officials here are quick to note that members of the 4104th do their jobs well. They point to the fact that the unit was recently recognized as being the "best CSG (Guard) Unit" in the 21st Support Command. Poplonski feels satisfied. "These people mean a lot to me," he said. "Some maybe don't like it here, or understand our mission. But, we don't have many problems. Our people are older now. Some over 50. And they do their job." Sergeant Allen Sharai is the community's physical security inspector. He says "They (members of the 4104th) are good and can to their job as long as they apply what they've learned." Major Martin Reyna, Director of Community Security, Plans, Operations and Training, says the 4104th's members are "prepared" even though "appearances may be deceiving". Still, like a soldier who has yet to see combat, the 4104th guard remains largely untested. And many officials say that while a 4104th sentry should be able to to "battle", if needed, they admit they cannot be certain of that. |
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| 4011th Civilian Support Gp (Guard) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4011th Civilian Support Group (Guard) Patch |
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| 4017th Civilian Support Gp (Guard) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4017th Civilian Support Group (Guard) Patch |
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| 4222nd Civilian Support Gp (Guard) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4222nd Civilian Support Group (Guard) Patch |
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| Related Links: Labor Service / Civilian Support  - the unofficial homepage of the
Labor Service, the Civilian Support Organization of USAREUR, the Industrial
Police (IP) and the USAFE Civilian Service Units worldwide. |
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